flat n. 1.〔英罕〕地板;(房屋的)一层。 2.一套房间;〔pl.〕分宅公寓〔美国高级公寓叫 apartment house〕。 3.(轮船的)平台,甲板。 -let 〔英国〕小套间。 adj. (flatter; flattest) 1.平的,平坦的,扁平的。 2.浅的。 3.伸平的,平展的。 4.(图画等)平板的;(颜色等)单调的,不鲜明的;【摄影】无深浅反差的。 5.意气消沉的,无精打采的,单调的,无聊的;〔美俚〕没有钱的,不名一文的。 6.(啤酒等)走了气的。 7.(市面)呆滞的,萧条的,不景气的;(价钱)无涨落的。 8.淡然的;直率的,直截了当的。 9.【音乐】降音的,降音号的。 10.【语言学】平舌的;浊音的,带声的 (opp. sharp) 【语法】无语尾变化的。 11.(风帆)绷紧的。 12.【军事】(弹道等)低平的。 crops flat after a storm 暴风雨后庄稼倒伏。 knock flat 把人打倒在地。 a flat price (各种商品)一样的价格。 a flat rate of 3% 一律百分之三。 feel flat 感觉无聊。 a flat lie 弥天大谎。 The market is flat. 市面萧条。 Prices are flat. 物价平平。 a flat denial 断然否认[拒绝]。 become flat 泄气。 lay a city flat 把城市夷为平地。 That's flat . 当然;绝对这样。 adv. 1.匍匐地,平直地。 2.完全地;断然地,干脆地,直截了当地。 3.恰恰,正好。 4.【金融】无(利)息地。 tell sb. flat 明白地告诉某人。 flat and plain 简单明了,直截了当。 ten dollars flat 拾元整。 flat aback 吓了一跳。 the bond are sold flat 公债无息出售。 be flat broke 完全破产。 fall flat 跌倒;完全失败;全无效果,全无好评 (fall flat on the audience 毫不动人)。 n. 1.平面;平面图;坪,平地;浅滩,低湿平地。 2.平坦部分;扁平的东西;平底船;平底篮。 3.〔俚语〕(容易受骗的)傻子,蠢汉;泄气轮胎。 4.【音乐】降半音,降音号[b] 【建筑】平顶;【机械工程】台面;【戏剧】背景屏。 (draw) from the flat 按照图样(描摹) (opp. from the round 按照实物)。 in the flat 在纸上;平面图的 (opp. in the round, in relief)。 join the flats 使(故事等)首尾呼应;装出始终如一的样子。 on the flat = in the flat. vt. (-tt-) 1.使平;使降音。 2.使(图画等)平淡。 3.〔美国〕丢弃(恋人)。 vi. 1.变平,变平淡。 2.【音乐】降音。 flat out 〔美国〕渐薄;打错主意,终无结果,虎头蛇尾。
cell n. 1.小室,单室;隔间,舱;〔诗〕茅舍;(单个的)蜂窝,蜂房。 2.〔诗〕墓穴,墓。 3.(大修道院附属的)小修道院。 4.单人牢房。 5.【生物学】细胞;【电学】电池;元件;【建筑】(天花板的)方格板;隔板;【航空】机翼构架;【原子能】晶格,晶胞;【计算机】单元,元件;【植物;植物学】花粉囊;药室;(气球等的)气囊;【气象学】单体,环型。 6.基层组织,小组。 7.管,盒,槽。 a queen [royal] cell(养蜂)王台。 the phase cell【统计学】相格。 a secondary cell蓄电池。 a photosensitive cell【无线电】光电管。 a rectifier cell【无线电】整流片。 the narrow cell 墓。
Section two the evaluation of biocompatibility of the acellular dermal matrix by the method of cell culture . the new born rat ' s epdermic cells were cultured with the acellular dermal matrix together as experiment group , while the epdermic cell were cultured simply as control . 24 hours later , under the invert microscope , the epidermic cells anchored well and transparent flat cells were observed in both groups . 7 days later , both cultured cells were taked out and fixed in 95 % ethanol , stained with hematoxylin and were observed under light microscope . many cleaved cells were observed in both groups . during cell culture , no pathogenic microganism was observed . so we considered the acellular dermal matrix was aseptic and had good biocompatibility . section three subdermal implantation of the acellular dermal matrix . 24 rats were used in the experiments . a piece of acellular dermal matrix ( 1 . 5 x 1 . 5cm2 ) was implanted beneath the dorsum skin flaps of each rat , 1 week , 2 weeks , 3 weeks and 4 weeks after implantation , 6 pieces of acellular dermal matrix were harvested and the size of implanted acellular dermal matrix were measured , the sections were used for he staining and observed under light microscope . the result were as folio wing : 1 - 2 weeks after implantation , the acellular dermal matrix began to adhere to the tissue around and turned red gradually ; 3 - 4weeks after implantation , the acellular dermal matrix adhered closely to the tissue around and could be recognized easily , 1 - 3 weeks after implantation , the size of implanted acellular dermal matrix had no statistical difference ( p > 0 . 05 ) . 4 weeks after implantation implanted acellular dermal matrix contracted ( p < 0 . 05 ) . under light microscope , l - 2weeks after implantation , the fibroblast cells infiltrated the acellular dermal matrix and a small amount endothelial cells of vessel and lympho - histiocytic cells infiltrated the acellular dermal matrix . 3 - 4 weeks after implantation , infiltrating blood vessels were evident . so we think that the acellular dermal matrix had low immunological reactions and could induce the infiltration of fibroblast macrophage cell and the endothelial cells of vessel 结果如下:皮下包埋卜周者,无细胞真皮基质渐与周围组织粘附,颜色由苍白转红;皮下包埋3周者,无细胞真皮基质与周围组织紧密枯附,盾晰叶辩;术后卜周,包埋的基质面积变化较包埋前无统计学差异o川0引,术后4周包埋的无细胞真皮基质面积较包埋前缩小j刃刀5 ) 。光镜下术后卜周,宿主的淋巳组织细胞、成纤维细胞浸入生长,釉附在胶原纤维上,少量血管内皮细胞浸入基质;术后34周,无细胞真皮基质内较多的血管形成,故可认为无细胞真皮基质免疫原性低,能诱导宿主的成纤维细胞、巨噬细胞浸入生长,为一种新型的真皮替代物。第四部分无细胞真皮基质与自体断层皮片复合移棺的研究, sd大鼠10只,在其背部卜方造成全厚皮肤缺损的创面